vbs ShellExecute运行外部程序时如何判断外部程序执行成功与否

ShellExecute执行外部程序时，判断执行成功与否有以下几种方法：

方法1：使用WshShell.Run（推荐）

Set WshShell = CreateObject("WScript.Shell")
' Run方法返回进程退出码
returnCode = WshShell.Run("notepad.exe", 1, True)

If returnCode = 0 Then
    WScript.Echo "程序执行成功"
Else
    WScript.Echo "程序执行失败，退出码: " & returnCode
End If

参数说明：

• 第二个参数：窗口样式（1=正常，0=隐藏）
• 第三个参数：True=等待程序结束，False=立即继续

方法2：使用WMI监控进程

Set WshShell = CreateObject("WScript.Shell")
WshShell.Run "notepad.exe", 1, False

' 使用WMI检查进程是否存在
Set objWMIService = GetObject("winmgmts:\\.\root\cimv2")
Set colProcesses = objWMIService.ExecQuery("SELECT * FROM Win32_Process WHERE Name='notepad.exe'")

If colProcesses.Count > 0 Then
    WScript.Echo "程序已启动"
Else
    WScript.Echo "程序启动失败"
End If

方法3：使用Shell.Application的ShellExecute（获取错误信息）

Set objShell = CreateObject("Shell.Application")

On Error Resume Next
objShell.ShellExecute "notepad.exe", "", "", "open", 1

If Err.Number <> 0 Then
    WScript.Echo "执行失败，错误号: " & Err.Number & "，描述: " & Err.Description
Else
    WScript.Echo "执行成功（ShellExecute不提供详细返回状态）"
End If
On Error Goto 0

方法4：结合批处理获取退出码（针对命令行程序）

' 创建批处理文件
Set fso = CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject")
Set file = fso.CreateTextFile("run_program.bat")
file.WriteLine("@echo off")
file.WriteLine("notepad.exe")
file.WriteLine("echo 退出码: %errorlevel%")
file.WriteLine("exit %errorlevel%")
file.Close

' 执行并获取退出码
Set WshShell = CreateObject("WScript.Shell")
returnCode = WshShell.Run("run_program.bat", 0, True)

If returnCode = 0 Then
    WScript.Echo "成功"
Else
    WScript.Echo "失败，退出码: " & returnCode
End If

' 清理临时文件
fso.DeleteFile("run_program.bat")

方法5：使用Exec方法（可获取标准输出）

Set WshShell = CreateObject("WScript.Shell")
Set objExec = WshShell.Exec("cmd /c ping 127.0.0.1")

Do While objExec.Status = 0
    WScript.Sleep 100
Loop

WScript.Echo "退出码: " & objExec.ExitCode
WScript.Echo "标准输出: " & objExec.StdOut.ReadAll

If objExec.ExitCode = 0 Then
    WScript.Echo "执行成功"
End If

推荐方案组合

Function RunProgramAndCheck(programPath, arguments, waitForCompletion)
    Dim WshShell, returnCode

    Set WshShell = CreateObject("WScript.Shell")

    If waitForCompletion Then
        ' 需要等待程序结束
        returnCode = WshShell.Run(Chr(34) & programPath & Chr(34) & " " & arguments, 1, True)

        If returnCode = 0 Then
            RunProgramAndCheck = True
        Else
            RunProgramAndCheck = False
            WScript.Echo "程序返回错误码: " & returnCode
        End If
    Else
        ' 不需要等待，使用错误处理
        On Error Resume Next
        WshShell.Run Chr(34) & programPath & Chr(34) & " " & arguments, 1, False

        If Err.Number = 0 Then
            RunProgramAndCheck = True
        Else
            RunProgramAndCheck = False
            WScript.Echo "启动失败: " & Err.Description
        End If
        On Error Goto 0
    End If
End Function

' 使用示例
If RunProgramAndCheck("C:\Program Files\App\app.exe", "/silent", True) Then
    WScript.Echo "执行成功"
Else
    WScript.Echo "执行失败"
End If

注意事项

选择哪种方法取决于你的具体需求：是否需要等待程序结束、是否需要获取输出、程序是GUI还是命令行工具等。